Shouldice Hospital Case Study

Shouldice Hospital Case Study Calvin Barron Liberty University March 2, 2010 Respectfully submitted to Prof. Scott McLaughlin Overview The Shouldice Hospital serves as a glaring example of extraordinary service and care for the impaired and needy. From carpeting and soft lighting to doting personal care from the staff, the Shouldice experience sets a standard of excellence for the industry. Dr. Earl Shouldice displayed an early desire for medical understanding with an age 12 exploratory of a farm animal. Medical training at the University of Toronto led to a private practice after World War One. An appendectomy of an obstinate young child led to questioning of his medical training concerning surgical recovery. The child’s refusal to remain still and bedfast after surgery led to the present â€Å"Shouldice method†. The consideration of immediate ambulation promoting quicker recoveries was proven by the observation and inspection of numerous cases following the stubborn child who refused to sit still. Dr. Shouldice used the following years to study and improve on these observations. The Shouldice Hospital was founded to use these observations to promote and capitalize on his proven method of hernia repair. In something of an assembly line method, Dr. Shouldice designed and developed his current factory type facility. Textual Concepts Competitive Service Strategies from pages 38-41 of the text offers strategies to further the expansion of the Shouldice hospital service methodology. Service and Design Elements from pages 68-69 highlight Shouldice Hospital in the text specifically. Deming’s Plan-Do-Check-Act system of continuous improvement on page 146 of the text seems the basis of Shouldice’s methodology. Deming’s 14 Point program from page 154 of the text offers some important steps which could be used to softly promote progress within the Shouldice program. Franchising from page 343 of the text offers an answer to immediate inexpensive expansion to the current model. Strengths The Shouldice Hospital has an easily identifiable surgical procedure, recovery practice and service known by the Name of Shouldice worldwide. The hospital experiences a backload of patients for the better part of the year due to simply word-of-mouth advertisement. The hospital has an â€Å"Alumni† of 140,000 clients assumed to be satisfied with the procedures. Out of the 140,000 just . 8% is reported as be reoccurring hernias. Compared to the United States alone, noted as having the best health care in the world, the report indicates a 10% U. S. reoccurrence problem. The relatively low cost of services provided including the operation and travel is small to say the least and serves only to increase demand for the experience. The increase in patient applications prompted an expansion in productivity which only served to increase the demand the more. Shouldice is as supportive to their staff as they are to their patients. Above average pay, benefits, and profit sharing serve to entice a dedicated performance out of the staff. Doctors are said to find the Hospital desirous due to the light workload and the ability to live a full home life with their families. Weaknesses Only external hernias are repaired by the program. The inclusion of internal hernias has been discouraged due to the increased amount of time needed to deal with the more extensive procedures in such a fast paced environment. The chances of extenuating circumstances create an unpredictable outcome as well as increased recovery time. The only site offering these unique services is located in Canada. Cases such as that of the author of this report are found to be excluded from such a procedure due to the need for international travel, governmental barriers, and monetary relations with foreign entities. Dr. Obney has resisted changes based on his inability to be on hand in case of an emergency or on his personal preferences. The ability to add another surgical day or an additional floor to the Hospital and take on more patients is as well off-set by the age and availability of Dr. Obney to be there at an increased rate. Only healthy average weight individuals are accepted as patients. The hernias are chosen as quick and easy repairs to maximize the ability for a greater quantity of patients and a quicker turnaround time. Doctors are taught and expected to adhere to the Shouldice method barring any deviation from the routine. Any deviation from the norm is required to demand a conference with other surgeons before continuance. Free thinking is frowned upon and the motto of â€Å"Excellence is the enemy of Good† is taught and adhered to there. Suggestions From page 39 of the text, Standardizing_ a Custom Service_ offers an ideal prospect for the Shouldice Hospitals’ expansion of services. â€Å"†¦family health care centers are attractive means of delivering routine professional services at low cost. (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2008, p. 39) Considering the profile listed in the text concerning Shouldice Hospital and the service design element of the Facility being highlighted as the discussion topic from pages 68-69 any further discussion of the facilities design would be counterproductive. The ability to reproduce the factory type facility in Canada should be simple enough due to the strict discipline followed and the highly controlled and co-productive nature of the clientele, the operation techniques and procedures, and the strict recovery process. The relocation to different countries would be the obvious next step since patients worldwide seem to flock to their present location. The garden acres typesetting would indicate a rural setting for additional locations which would allow the lesser expense of non commercial and non prime real estate for typical settings. The feasibility of offering franchises with the demand to strictly duplicate the Canadian model would allow a swifter expansion to a global market. The franchiser retains the right to dictate conditions. Standard operating must be followed. Materials must be purchased from either the franchiser or an approved supplier. No deviation from the product line is permitted, training sessions must be attended, and continuing royalty fees must be paid. (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2008, p. 343) The Harvard business case of Shouldice Hospital includes a reproduction of a Boca Raton Florida advertisement for a knock-off Shouldice experience; â€Å"The Canadian Hernia Clinic† featuring â€Å"no overnight stay†Ã¢â‚¬ . (Heskett, 2003, pg. 8) This could be avoided with simple advertisement and a franchise offering to the popular and lucrative Canadian model. The Plan-Do-Check-Act prospect introduced by Deming in the text appears to be the process indicated in the case study that Dr Shouldice employed in the facilities development, or at least some variation thereof. To use W. Edwards Deming’s 14-point program as a model for the implementation of progressing the service model implemented by Dr. Shouldice would only be appropriate. On point Ten with the â€Å"Excellence is the Enemy of Good† Shouldice employs serves to allow and promote mediocrity as opposed the Deming’s point of striving toward excellence. From Deming we find statements such as; Create constancy of purpose toward improvement of product and service, with the aim to become competitive and to stay in business, and to provide jobs†¦Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs†¦Institute leadership. The aim of supervision should be to help people and machines and gadgets to do a better job. Supervision of management is in need of an overhaul, as well as supervision of production workers†¦Eliminate slogans†¦Remove barriers that rob the hourly paid worker of his right to pride in workmanship. (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2008, p. 154) The leadership and allow worker pride in their workmanship all seem to go against the Shouldice model. Followers and automated pre programmed automatons are seemingly encouraged at The Shouldice Hospital. The situation seems to discourage the exact kind of innovation which was responsible for the Hospital and the method and the experience developed by Dr. Shouldice through innovation and improvement on the status quo of his day. Deming said â€Å"Innovation in all business of should be expected† (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2008, p. 154) this is not the practice of Shouldice. Instead they repeat a proven function and disallow any deviation or improvement. It is suggested that Dr. Obney step aside and allow the Facility to be globalized as well as the process. Expanding upon the process as well as the facility should open up new avenues of improvement and innovation such as that which Dr. Shouldice noticed, explored, developed, and expanded upon so many years ago. The Shouldice Hospital serves as a glaring example of extraordinary service and innovation and should be reproduced and made available to the rest of the world. References Fitzsimmons, J. A. & Fitzsimmons, M. J. (2008). _Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology_ (6th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Heskett, James (2003) MBS-Harvard Business Case, Shouldice Hospital Ltd. , Harvard Business Cases MBS Direct, Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163

A False Utopia Society English Literature Essay

A Utopia is an ideal province for society nevertheless, a Utopia is impossible to accomplish because a perfect universe does non be. A dystopia occurs when the commanding agents take control over all of society while taking away their rights, and freedom. A dystopia is obviously presented in the two novels Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. It is presented through the novels that control is merely possible with the usage of engineering. There are two distinguishable methods used to do a dystopia, Huxley uses felicity, while Orwell uses fright. Nevertheless, entire control over humanity is non unflawed because a rebellious quality will ever be, such as John, and Winston Smith. Both novels wish to obtain an indistinguishable end, to take complete control over humanity, but due to the defects within the dystopia complete use can non be. The commanding agents think they are making a Utopian society unlike the characters, who are the lone 1s that realise it is a dystopia. Despite the differences that exist within the societies of each novel, they both have the indistinguishable result of a dystopia. It is apparent in the novel Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four, it is impossible to accomplish complete control over humanity even through the usage of felicity. Brave New World attempts to take human individuality by taking over the procedure of maternity and childhood, and doing each babe born to their conditions and wishing. The babes are organized into their future societal groupings: â€Å" We besides predestine and status. We decant our babes as socialised human existences, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewerage works or futureaˆÂ ¦ † ( Huxley 10 ) . They are basically taking the function of God nevertheless, human nature can be modified, but non removed. This is apparent in John who clearly demonstrates true human nature that is in the Fordian society: â€Å" in Brave New World, the separation of gender and reproduction becomes the agencies whereby single individuality is made vulnerable and capable of being destroyed † ( Martin 1 ) . John, unlike t he Fordian society was born from a female parent which makes him portion of a alone society. His acknowledgments of the dystopia nowadays in the Fordian society makes him go a Rebel, as he recognises the defects and efforts to contend against them: â€Å" † Do n't you desire to be free work forces? Do n't you even understand what manhood and freedom are? † †¦ â€Å" I ‘ll do you free whether you want it or non † aˆÂ ¦he began to throw the small pill-boxes of soma tablets in smattering out into the country. † ( Huxley 187 ) Through John it is apparent that his rebellious behavior was a defect in the society because of his acknowledgment of the dystopia. Rebellion will be because of the inability to take human nature which is what finally lead John and Winston to going Rebels. In the fresh Nineteen Eighty-Four, protagonist Winston Smith is a Rebel. Winston, likewise to John has the ability to acknowledge the dystopia due to his human nature. Winston belongs in a alone portion of the society that rebels against the accountant Big Brother. He is determined to destruct Big Brother and finally destruct the dystopia. This purpose is exemplified when he states: â€Å" I do n't conceive of that we can change anything in our ain life-time. But one can conceive of small knots of opposition jumping up here and there-small groups of people banding themselves together, and bit by bit turning † ( Orwell 141 ) . He non merely has the dedication to destruct it even if he is a little fraction of the Oceanian society, but he states that there are other people similar to him. Unlike the Fordian society, Oceania attempts to cover with the Rebels by seeking to alter their human nature and do them into blind followings of the party: â€Å" O'Brien turns the one rebelli ous Winston into another thoughtless drone of the Party, representing the almighty nature of the authorities, and the futility of contending against it. † ( Beaird 1 ) . Although Winston was turned into a follower of Big Brother, he was portion of a society that exemplifies human nature and farther recognizing the dystopia. Both societies have Rebels within them such as John and Winston therefore, the rebellious presence depicts the societies as non flawless. The chief end is for the commanding agents is to accomplish complete control over the society, although both novels use different techniques to try to accomplish complete human control the result is indistinguishable. Nineteen Eighty-four utilizations fear while Brave New World uses felicity to take control over people. The Fordian society makes each group enjoy their life, and be happy with what they are making as stated by the Director of Brave New World: â€Å" that is the secret of felicity and virtuousness – wishing what you ‘ve got to make. All conditioning purpose at that: devising people like their unescapable societal fate. † ( Huxley 12 ) . The Fordian society is based on fulfilling the demands of the people, but since the hatching Centre sets the people ‘s demands they are really easy to follow. Meloni emphasizes that because all the desires are obtained there is no demand for freedom: â€Å" Desire is dead in the Brave New World: to acknowledge the being of it would intend to acknowledge the failure of the ideal province. That is why all cardinal demands, above all those related with the sexual inherent aptitude, are instantly satisfied except for the desire for freedom, which has necessarily been suppressed † ( Varricchio 1 ) . The Fordian society does non necessitate freedom because they do non cognize what it is, an semblance is made that they are populating with freedom but in world even their freedom is controlled. Sexual activity and haoma, a drug that all of society takes to do themselves more relaxed and happy, finally distracts society from the real property and yesteryear, similar to the Oceanian society. The Oceanian society presented in Nineteen Eighty-Four utilizations fright and propaganda to try to take control over all of humanity. Oceania is invariably watching people, and maintaining people sacred to either make something against the jurisprudence or even believe incorrect about Large Brother. The penalty as all the people know is either decease or terrible maltreatment, maintaining the society scared to make something incorrect. Both novels remove: the usage privateness, history, and the past to take control over the society: â€Å" In the standardised societies depicted in both novels the media uphold conformance, denying persons their ain privateness and personal feelings. Simultaneously, they strengthen powers capable of commanding every individual aspect of their topics ‘ life by striping them of all critical attitude. Both societies have emptied of a sense of history and of memory of the yesteryear. In Airstrip One, the emptiness is filled by a host of images of p ropaganda whereas in the fordian universe is shallowness and sensationalism. † ( Neilson 1 ) . One of the universe controllers O'Brien makes it really clear how rigorous the Party is to all of society, â€Å" There will be no trueness, except trueness towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of victory over a defeated enemyaˆÂ ¦All viing pleasances will be destroyed. But alwaysaˆÂ ¦there will be the poisoning of power, invariably increasing and invariably turning subtler. † ( Orwell 242 ) . Sexual activity must besides be controlled by both societies to hold control over the people: â€Å" Since gender lies at the nucleus of identityaˆÂ ¦it must be controlled by the province every bit good. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, the method used is non physical control of gender and reproduction through engineering and conditioning, as in Brave New World. † ( Martin 1 ) . Sexual activity in Oceania is considered a rebellious act if done with pleasance or joy, which is why Winston has sex with his spouse Julia. Even with Oceania utilizing fright, and the Fordian society utilizing happiness the result is that both of the societies have turned into a dystopia, which is apparent through the Rebels John, and Winston. But without the usage of engineering no control is possible. Technology is as a necessity for accomplishing domination. Through both novels Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four it is exemplified that merely with the usage of engineering it is possible to command people. Both Fordian, and Oceanian society use the engineering otherwise nevertheless, for the same intent. Brave New World uses engineering to do different groups of people assigned to different occupations in their life, engineering is besides used to keep properties of immature age and felicity: â€Å" We preserve them from diseases. We keep their internal secernments unnaturally balanced at a vernal equilibriumaˆÂ ¦We give them transfusions of immature blood. We keep their metamorphosis for good stimulated. Youth about unimpaired till 60, and so, cleft! The terminal. † ( Huxley 95 ) . Technology is the most of import portion of the citizen ‘s lives, and for the commanding agents because it is easier to modify human nature from birth. Besides with old age and u nhappiness society would non obey their orders, and effort to better their lives taking to blemish within the dystopia: â€Å" On suction reserves reside people who lack technological â€Å" progresss. † The abode of Malpais, in contrast with the citizens of the World State, pattern a simple, agricultural life style. They give birth to kids of course and pattern monogamousness. † ( Beaird 1 ) . The little society outside of the World State is non controlled because they will non let themselves to be, and without engineering they will populate their lives in a free and rebellious mode as exemplified by John. Unlike the World State, Oceania is watching and commanding everybody at all times. In the fresh Nineteen Eighty-Four, engineering is used to watch people and all their actions. While all of society knows they are being watched it non merely lets the accountants keep society under their orders, but makes society scared to disobey: â€Å" the innovation of the telescreenaˆÂ ¦is righty considered of the extreme importance for the care of a constabulary stateaˆÂ ¦The telecasting is hence shown to attach to every individual minute of people ‘s life, developing them to entire passiveness † ( Beaird 1 ) . Without the telescreen watching society, people would be close and have a sense of security finally, taking to rebellion: â€Å" The telescreen received and transmitted at the same time. Any sound Winston made, above the lever of a really low susurration, would be picked up by it ; furthermore, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he would be seen every bit good as heardaˆÂ ¦You had to live-did u nrecorded, form wont that became instinct-in the premise that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every minute scrutinised. † ( Orwell 6 ) . Both novels use engineering to take control, and manipulate over society. Brave New World takes control of people from the beggary of their being, while Nineteen Eighty-four utilizations engineering to invariably watch society and penalize the disobeyers, finally doing fright. Nevertheless both novels successfully attempt to accomplish entire human control making a dystopia. In both novels ; Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four, their several societies are populating in a utopia, but for John and Winston they are able to see that it is a dystopia. Even with different methods and engineering used, it is exemplified through the Rebels John and Winston that the defects in the control system will ne'er let complete control. It is proven through them that human nature is possible to pull strings but non destruct. Therefore, this leaves human control and use possible to a certain extent. Despite the Fordian society and Oceania trying to accomplish a utopia utilizing different methods, it is apparent that accomplishing a Utopia is impossible because a perfect universe does non be, and the effort will finally take to an indistinguishable result. Work Cited Huxley, Aldous.A Brave New World. London: Chatto & A ; Windus, 1932. Print. Orwell, George.A Nineteen Eighty-Four. Martin Secker & A ; Warburg Ltd, 1949. Print. Martin, R.A A. â€Å" Abortion and Birth Control in Literature. † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013 Glover, Beaird. â€Å" Nineteen Eighty-four † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013 Neilson, Keith. â€Å" Brave New World † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013. Varricchio, Mario. â€Å" Power of Images/A ImagesA of Power in Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty- Four. † Literary Reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013.

Business Model and Innovation Proposal

Business Model and Innovation Proposal Business Model and Innovation Proposal Introduction to Business Model and Innovation First I will give a definition of a business model. A business model defines â€Å"how an organisation earns money†. Therefore you could also define a business model as the â€Å"architecture of revenue†. How an organisation earns its money depends upon the followings: The customer value proposition – the market segment and market position, with other words: a. who are its customers b. what does it offer to these customers c. how it distinguishes itself from its competitors. The revenue model Its own value chain – indicating how the cost structure is arranged. Its core competencies and key assets on which the value proposition is based and upon which the sustainability of its competitive advantage is based. In addition to this, the business model must also include how it increases these competences and assets and how they are protected against imitation. The place in the supply value chain and role in the business ecosystem . This includes how to co-operate with which partners. In short, the business model encompasses the essentials of the entire market approach. Research has indicated that the business model determines whether one will earn money with an invention. The relation between a new technology and business model can be best expressed as follows. A technology per se does not have any value. It only gets value when it is translated into a customer value proposition. Only part of this created value for the customer can be appropriated by the organisation. The business model determines how much economic value is created and appropriated by the company (Henry Chessbrough, Open Business Models, 2006). In fact the business model contains all the elements that transform an invention into an innovation. Business Model Innovation can therefore take place on all 5 aspects of a business model as explained above. However, it is often when one changes one part of the business model one also has to change other parts to make it coherent. For example changing the revenue model has its effect on the customer value proposition and an effect on the relationships with partners and therefore on the role and position in the business ecosystem. The Company – uFlavors The company I will be analyse on is uFlavor. uFlavor is an US beverage company founded on the idea that every person is unique, that every individual has different tastes and different needs. Where other beverage companies make drinks aimed at satisfying the largest number of customers across the broadest demographics, uFlavor only makes drinks for one person (this is the business model). You. You choose your own flavors, your own sweeteners, your own acids, your own functional ingredients, your colour it yourself and you create your own label. From the start (2011) the company hopes to connect and introduce a new way of thinking about flavoured drinks. The founders (Altman and Mitchell) of uFlavor believe that there should be a unique flavored beverage for every person, place and occasion, and that flavor experience shouldn’t be limited to what’s on your local grocer’s shelves. So, uFlavor is creating a new category in the beverage industry that they call â€Å"user-generated refreshment.†

Articles 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Should international non-governmental organizations (iNGO) be allowed Essay

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Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Frito Lay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Frito Lay - Essay Example Some of the features of the sales job that made it appropriate for a results based approach to job performance are that the number of sales that the employees make determines the amount of profits that the company will make. Secondly is that the payment mode of the job is on a commission basis depending on the number of sales that an individual makes. 2. One of the advantages that accrue to Frito Lay in defining the performance of its route sales employees in terms of its behaviour is that it is able to concentrate on areas that will increase the sales depending on the route. However, a major disadvantage of this method in defining behaviour is that it makes it difficult to shift employees from one route to another due to the different behaviours that are required to make sale. In order to address these issues, a commission pay system should be modified to include a system of payment that is dependent on the timeliness of arrival for the high-volume route employees and the ability of low-volume route employees to negotiate for the ideal shelf space. 3. Frito Lay emphasized on behaviour of the route employees in its research to increase its sales, however there are other dimensions that are equally important, such as the different abilities and educational levels of the employees, as they will determine how effectively they will be able to handle their duties. Overlooking these aspects of performance is bound to make the route employees unable to meet their targets, which lead to low pay, and the company will record low profits. Indonesia- Asia stumbling giant 1. The poor economic performance that has been experienced in Indonesia has been because of political and economic factors. Some of the political factors that contributed to the poor economic performance include the rule of Dictator Suharto that left the country with huge debts to pay, in addition, the levels of corruption and lack of political goodwill has led to the stagnation of the economy. The economi c factors that have contributed to the poor economic performance include the reduction in foreign direct investments, the bureaucratic process that takes up to 151 days in order for a person to get a license to operate a business have also contributed to the low economic performance of Indonesia (Lewis, 91). These two factors are related since the political class, who have embezzled public funds and failed to formulate policies to spur economic growth has created the poor economic environment in the country. 2. Some of the reasons that might have led to foreign firms leaving Indonesia in the early 2000’s include the corruption levels in the country and bureaucratic processes; this meant a decline in GDP since there was no revenue generated by the firms any more. In order to reverse this trend, the levels of corruption and bureaucratic processes should be addressed. 3. Corruption in Indonesia is a challenge since the political class lack the goodwill to eradicate it, as they a re also involved, this has made foreign investors shy away from investing in the country. 4. A major risk that foreign firms in Indonesia face is jailing of their employees or their operation licenses not being renewed due to failure to give bribes to the authorities. To reduce these risks, these firms should lobby the government to create a favourable business environment for foreign firms. Japan’s economic malaise 1. The Japanese economy has stagnated because after the economic depression that the country faced, the country has been unable to spur economic growth again despite the government efforts. 2. The downward trend in the Japanese economy

New Business Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Business Proposal - Research Paper Example The needs of the customer are vital because they help in making changes for the product such that it conforms to their needs (Stark, 2011). Providing a product that suits customer’s needs in terms of size, price and other characteristics will enhance revenue generation due to increased sales (Stark, 2011). The revenue will increase by creating a new product line extension. This process entails bundling the new product with the existing products by using a similar brand name. Apart from improving the name of the brand, the process will act as criteria for marketing the new product (Stark, 2011). As the product gains customers, it is possible to perform an analysis of the market in terms of demand and elasticity. This determines how customers will respond to any changes in price. If demand appears to be inelastic, it will be convenient to increase the prices of the commodity in order to generate sufficient revenue. When demand is inelastic, the amount of sales remains unaltered, meaning that a slight increase in price will result in high revenue (Stark, 2011). Determination of the profit-maximizing quantity requires understanding of basic concepts of total revenue and total cost (Stark, 2011). After performing the sales of the new product, there will be a need to determine the gain at each sales level. This computation shall involve a consideration of all costs including labor plus other variable costs. It is possible to determine the profit maximizing quantity by first computing the marginal profits after the sale and finding where the marginal revenue becomes identical to the marginal cost (Stark, 2011). In this case, the formula: marginal profit= marginal revenue – marginal cost, will apply. If the marginal revenue is higher than marginal cost, it means that there will be a marginal gain (Taylor & Weerapana, 2012). In order to maximize profits, the business shall ensure reduction of marginal costs and improvements in

Computer Numerical Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Numerical Control - Essay Example Computer Numerical Control (CNC) popularly known as Numerical Control (NC) is the automatic control that is integrated into mechanical tools and equipments used in manufacturing mass products. These automated instructions are abstractly encoded into a program that is used as a language by the tools. These machines were introduced in the 1940s and their gross use was initiated in the 1950s although these did not use the modern computation language that is afforded by computer programs. However, in the modern times, the machines have been well developed so that little man power is needed. End to end designs of the components have been highly developed and the computers have been widely used in their processes and this have included such things as computer language being widely incorporated within the systems that use computer numerical control (Krull, 40). In the production of Padlocks by the Tri-Cycle company the use of the computer numerical control has been assessed and the following results were seen. One of the benefits of the system was that it could be used continuously for twenty fours and this have ensured that the production of the products can be continued continuously without facing any disruptions and hindrances. This is very beneficial to the company because the company can enjoy customer faith because the company ensures that the products are available in the market throughout the year and can meet any kind of demand that could be necessary at any time (Reintjes, 120). It is also beneficial to the company because the company does not need to employ highly skilled personnel to operate the machines. This have ensured that the company does not need to spend a lot of its resources in employing highly skilled personnel and at the same time ensure that the production of the padlocks is continued and also keep the quality of the products high levels. This is very beneficial to the company because while saving on the consumer faith, they also benefit largely to the fact that the system ensures that the products are of high quality and hence very beneficial in the market outlook of the company (Reintjes, 123).

Criminal Investigation Project Essay Example for Free

Criminal Investigation Project Essay In this generation, all human being have to work to earn for living. However it is not possible for us to be able to do any kind of work. That is why work been divided into physical work and intellectual limitation. An individual’s personality can be exposed through the job that he or she is engaged with. This enables the particular person to improve his/her level of maturation, skills and talents. The most reason that lead psychologist, sociologist, anthropologists, economists is because of the company want a result of earning obtain with giving special attention to human factor, if people are at low level in terms of work value for example lack of skills, knowledge, personality, professional, experience, motivation, everything is useless. First terms of general psychology, and where warranted by special mention is â€Å"occupational psychology†. They prefer to use term â€Å"occupational psychology† because it seems more comprehensive and it include â€Å"occupational psychology† and â€Å"organizational and management psychology†. General psychology about the human personality Generally when dealing with human personalities issue, the presentation will full with sides, component, and aspect. There is no doubt with usefulness of every piece presentation of this psychological reality. Important things they should not lose sight of the whole structure. In reality personality component interact with each other, related with each other, giving birth to structure that already specific by architecture. To actual existence of individual with the matters not the presence or absence of one of these sides, not the degree of development but its own way as it is structure. That is why psychology should focus on personality, structure that lead to a psycho-behavioural level, and lead to many effects. Personality which mediates perception and acceptance of external influence, it integrates them into levers. Its leaves mark on psychology phenomena on any reaction, even on human face. Only man has personality and as it arises and develops it produces the following effect: * Stabilize conduct * Unitary direction * Provides consensus though and fact, project and realizations * Adapts them to the present, but also on future * Exploits all opportunities and human capabilities * Makes deep involvement in dealing with people, tending to its creative transformation Personality is not present at birth. It is formed from the age of three and it is also based on environment around them, it is also not simply a psychological aspect of human life, but totality of diverse and numerous components. Therefore, one personality with full knowledge is not easy and also not good for mentality. Although comprising large number of components, personality is not simply their sum, but whole is based on human behaviour, should direct and lead them in relation to the environment. Features of personality as a whole is common to all, the organization of elements, is the level of development from person to person, personality is unique and original in each of human being that is why everyone have different personality. Personality is strongly determined and conditioned by man’s social existence. Socio cultural framework does not appear with all personality and self-organization. Personality is being influence by micro-environment, so if the micro-environment is good then the personality will be good and if not will be otherwise. All kind of personality traits are related with each other, it is very strong and its form, the fact, the structure. It develops over time and differs from one person to another person based on: * Level of development its component * Level of integration of element in whole personality * Stability of the structure of personality Personality operates like system 24 hours every day even in sleeping, its alive and dynamic. There are close relation and been organized in hierarchy, relation between them is substantial-energetic, functional, direct and reverse information. Activity is important of existence of man and his psychic, the one that lead to sedimentation and mental crystallization, emerge of relatively changes of structure. In analogy to the resolute-productive mechanisms of the transformative-constructive finalities and activities, in the structure of personality the resolute-productive subsystem is developing. Subsystem might be placed on edge of instrumental subsystem. Analogy constructed personality structure with human activity seems to be the most suitable for organizational and management psychology. Approach perspectives to personality In practical analysis and interpretation of reality, it may be a physical, human or social, the great importance is the theoretical concept of where it starts, and human personality study is more complex and dynamic. â€Å"Treaties of the psychology of personality settle to stock, to present a descriptive manner, theoretical models, sometimes associated methods and, rarely, to propose explanatory models, integrationist, combination of models, theories, schools or methods† (by Anita, 2000, pg18). * Golu .M (1993) identifies four main orientations in the study of personality: * Biologist orientation * Experimentalist orientation * Psychometric orientation * Sociocultural and anthropological orientation * Zlate M. (1997) conducted a survey of the main insights of the personality approach and systematized them into four board categories: * Atomistic perspective * Structural perspective * Systematic perspective * Psychosocial perspective FIRST PAGE Conducting Successful Interrogations By David Vessel, J. D.,FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Oct. 1998. Obtaining information that an individual does not want to provide constitutes the sole purpose of an interrogation. A successful interrogation results in a guilty or involved criminal suspects making a confession or admitting participation in an illegal activity. However, interrogators frequently do not acquire information critical to successful case resolution. Often, guilty suspects leave the interrogation environment without making the smallest admission. Many experienced officers leave an interview or interrogation knowingly outwitted by the suspects. When these situations occur, criminals go unpunished and remain free to strike again, causing the entire community to suffer. Interrogations can fail for any number of reasons. Some reasons are foreseeable; some are not. However, interrogators can increase their success rates by eliminating or minimizing identifiable causes of failure. Once investigators have identified these factors, they can consider and act upon them to increase the probability of successful interrogations. These major components include preparing for the interrogation, distinguishing between interrogations and interviews, developing persuasive themes and arguments, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation subject, allowing enough time for the interrogation, acquiring adequate interrogation training, and understanding that some interrogations will fail regardless of any amount of effort employed. While not all-inclusive, these factors prove vital to successful interrogations. LAST PAGE CONCLUSION Interrogations fail for any number of reasons. Addressing and eliminating the interrelated, identifiable causes can prevent most failures. Preparing adequately, understanding the interrogation process, and appreciating the subjects needs and values remain paramount in achieving successful interrogations. Additionally, sufficient training and ample experience in conducting interrogations provide specific assistance to investigators involved in the process. Establishing a well-developed plan and allowing sufficient time for the interrogation to evolve also prove important factors in ensuring successful interrogations. All of these elements need constant attention for investigators to acquire the information critical to successfully resolve their cases. Properly addressing these factors greatly contributes to increasing the number of confessions obtained from guilty or involved suspects and to reducing the number of times officers are duped by these individuals. While interrogation failures impact all aspects of the criminal justice system, the investigators conducting these inquiries remain the most critical factor in reducing these failures. With adequate training, increased awareness, and established plans officers can become successful interrogators and effectively reduce the number of unsolved crimes that plague not only the law enforcement community but also the general, law-abiding population. SUMMARY CONDUCTING SUCCESSFUL INTERROGATIONS Interviewing is one form of communication that is used extensively by the law enforcement. Whether used to screen applicants, to elicit information from a witness to a crime, or to obtain a confession, a good interview can have a significant impact on an organization. However, if conducted improperly, the interview may be rendered worthless or can result in serious negative consequences for all involved. There can be many reasons why interrogations fail, some foreseeable, some not. But by eliminating and minimizing identifiable causes of failure such as preparing for the interrogation, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation subject etc., investigators can have a more higher rate of success. The important factors when conducting an interrogation:- Preparing the Investigation The most important factor is developing a preparation plan. Factors to consider when preparing this plan are the setting and environment, knowledge of case facts, familiarity with subjects’ backgrounds, and methods of documenting confessions. Setting and Environmental Consideration It is important that the investigator be in control of not only the flow of the interrogation but also the environmental setting such as a small, controlled, sound-insulated room that is free from diversions. This ensures that the suspects are only allowed to concentrate on answering the relative questions. Case Facts Knowledge The investigator should have full knowledge of all the facts of the case as well as know which factors are the more important ones. When an investigator is able to state out these facts confidently and with proof, the subjects are more likely to provide the necessary vital information. Familiarity with Subjects Backgrounds Having good knowledge of a subject’s background, such as their feelings, attitude and personal values as subjects usually make confessions based on how they feel then defend themselves with logic. Documenting Confessions Officers/investigators should settle all details regarding the documentation of the interrogation that is the video or audio recordings as well as written documentation, before beginning the interrogation so as to not make the subject feel unimportant and lead to an unsuccessful interrogation. Distinguishing Between Interrogation and Interviews There should be a clear distinction between an interview and an interrogation. An interview should always be conducted first before deciding on an interrogation. Interviews are done to get all the most basic information of the suspects’ involvement of a case. Once it is confirmed that the suspect is involved only then should they proceed to an interrogation. Developing Persuasive Themes and Arguments It is important to have the proper arguments and themes in persuading the subject to tell the truth. Three points stated that will help to make the interview successful in this area are first, investigators should gain more experience as every interview conducted provides different ideas. Second is planning their themes and arguments so as to tackle the subject into answering inquiries, but in a legal way. Third would be conducting good first interviews and identifying the subjects’ key responses, allowing there to be plenty of topics to be converted into themes.

Romeo And Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo And Juliet Essay Act 3 scene 5 is set in Juliets bedroom. It starts with Romeo and Juliet in bed together talking about the nightingale and how that it is not yet daylight. Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day. At this point in the play it would be one of the last times Romeo and Juliet spend together before Romeo is to leave to Mantua. Not long after Romeo has left, Juliets mother (Lady Capulet) enters her daughters bedroom, where she notices that Juliet has been crying. Lady Capulet thinks she is grieving over her cousin Tybalts death but she is actually upset over that Romeo has gone and she doesnt quite know when she is going to see him again. Lady Capulet is very sympathetic towards her daughter in this scene and tells her that her fathers plans will make her feel better. This is when Lord Capulet (Juliets father) enters her bedroom and tells Juliet his plans to have her married to Paris on Thursday. This is when the argument occurs between father and daughter because Juliet refuses to marry Paris. In Elizabethan times this was considered to be very wrong on the daughters part because Elizabethan women were dominated by the men in the family the women were seen to be inferior to men. They were subservient to the men in the family all their lives and expected to obey the men in all aspects of their life. The disobedience of Juliet towards her father would be considered a crime to religion in Elizabethan times because arranged marriages were very common and would be suited to suit the family meaning the men of the house hold, because most Elizabethan women were expected to marry to increase the wealth and position of the family and then to produce children, preferably male heirs. Juliets father feels unappreciated by Juliet in this scene which leads him to get very mad with her where he starts to threaten to disown her if she doesnt obey his wishes to have her marry Paris on Thursday hang, beg, starve, die in the streets! Graze where you will you shall not house with me. Juliet then begins to plead to him but he is so mad he will not have any of it Ill not be forsworn suggests he will not be persuaded and he will not change his mind. Juliets Nurse Trys to stick up for Juliet but Lord Capulet silences her which leads to Lord Capulet and Lady Capulet exiting Juliets bedroom. Juliet is very anguished by all of this. She then asks her mother for help but her mother is so disappointed by her she doesnt want anymore to do with her Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. In this play Juliets Nurse is more of a mother to her than Lady Capulet because the nurse has a closer relationship with Juliet because she has bought her up. Towards the end of the scene Juliet turns to the Nurse for comfort. The Nurse already knows that she is married to Romeo (which lady and lord Capulet do not know) but she still suggests that she marries Paris on Thursday for he is a noble man. If a modern audience were to watch this play they would feel very sympathetic towards Juliet at this point because she has had an arranged marriage and feels as though her father is just thinking of his happiness only and not hers and that she should have a choice of to whom she marries and not to be controlled by her father. They would feel sympathetic because a modern audience would relate to Juliet because theyre arent any arranged marriages in modern times because women have free will and choice over their own lives. Where as in Elizabethan times the audience would feel more sympathetic towards Lord Capulet because it relates more to how the Elizabethans live and how Lord Capulet is Patriarchal and Juliet should do what he says for the sake of the families wealth. For the setting of my version of act 3 scene 5 I have chosen to set this scene in modern times which would make a modern audience sympathise with Juliet rather than Lord Capulet.

International Organisation Food And Agriculture Organisation Politics Essay

International Organisation Food And Agriculture Organisation Politics Essay The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, or ONUAA for its French equivalent Organisation des Nations Unies pour lalimentation et lagriculture is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. FAO acts as a neutral forum, serving both developed and developing economies, where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. FAO is a source of information and knowledge, and helps developing countries/ countries in transition to modernise and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring adequate nutritional bal. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates into English as let there be bread. As of 8 August 2008[update], FAO has 191 members states along with the European Union and the Faroe Islands, which are associate members. 2. The Food and Agriculture Organization  [1]  of the United Nations leads international efforts to defeat hunger. During its last summit in 2009, plan of action including seven commitments was drawn out. First of it is to ensure an enabling political, social and economic environment for eradication of poverty, most conducive to achieving food security for all. The importance of basic human right to food and sustainable agriculture was acknowledged by the summit. FAO has a special programme for food security which is country based steering committee. Another programme, food security and vulnerability information and mapping system (FIVIMS) is established at world food summit and is monitoring undernourished people and issues of food access. United Nations Development Programme 3. The United Nations Development Programme is concerned with integrating human rights in all global development activity, such as democratic governance, poverty reduction, crisis prevention and recovery, energy and environment  [2]  . Export Credit Agencies (ECA) Watch 4. ECA Watch is an outreach mechanism of a larger international campaign to reform Export Credit Agencies (ECAs). Non-governmental organisations working on issues related to the environment, development, human rights and anti-corruption participating in this campaign lobby national and global ECAs to improve their environmental policies and practices. World Agro forestry Centre 5. The World Agro forestry Centre is an autonomous, not-for-profit research and development institution supported by nearly 60 different governments, private foundations regional development banks and the World Bank whose primary mission is to improve food and nutritional security and enhance environmental resilience in the tropics  [3]  . International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI) 6. Aimed at identifying and analysing policies for sustain ably meeting the food needs of the developing world. The research at IFPRI focuses on economic growth and poverty alleviation in low income countries and the sound management of the natural resource base that supports agriculture  [4]  . IFPRI seeks to make its research results available to all those in a position to use them and to strengthen institutions in developing countries that conduct research relevant to its mandate. Consultative Group on Agricultural Research 7. CGIAR is a strategic alliance of countries, global and regional organisations and private foundations supporting 15 international agricultural centers. It works with national agricultural research systems and civil society organisations to achieve sustainable food security and reduce poverty in developing countries through scientific research and research-related activities in the fields of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, policy and the environment  [5]  . Harvest Plus 8. Harvest Plus, one of the CGIARs Global Challenge Programs, seeks to reduce the effects of micronutrient malnutrition by harnessing the power of plant breeding to develop staple food crops that are rich in micronutrients, a process called Bio fortification  [6]  . International Rice Research Institute 9. The International Rice Research Institute, an autonomous, non profit agricultural research and training organisation with offices in more than ten nations aims to find sustainable ways to improve the well-being of poor rice farmers and consumers while protecting the environment  [7]  . International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) 10. IIED is a London-based independent, non-profit organisation that promotes sustainable patterns of development through collaborative research, policy studies, networking and knowledge dissemination. It works to address global issues like mining, paper industry and food systems. A 34 year-old organisation with a presence in 18 countries, IIED was the first recipient of the Blue Planet Prize (1992) for outstanding contributions to environmental policy and action  [8]  . Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) 11. CIFOR is an international research and global knowledge institution committed to conserving forests and improving the livelihoods of people in the tropics. CIFORs high impact research in 40 countries helps local communities and small farmers gain their rightful share of forest resources, while increasing the production and value of forest products  [9]  . International Water Management Institute 12. IWMI is a non-profit scientific research organization specialising in water use in agriculture and integrated management of water and land resources. The institute works with partners in the developing world to develop tools and methods to help these countries eradicate poverty and ensure food security through more effective management of their water and land resources  [10]  . World Health Organisation 13. The worlds foremost health agency, the World Health Organisation is the United Nations specialised agency for health, established with the objective is to achieve attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health  [11]  . The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) 14. A research institute with five Indian centers and four overseas affiliates, TERI is committed to every finding innovative solutions to critical energy and environment related issues and the challenges posed by sustainable development from providing environment-friendly solutions to rural energy problems to helping shape the development of the Indian oil and gas sector and from tackling global climate change issues across continents to enhancing forest conservation efforts among local communities  [12]   United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 15. Established in 1972, United Nations Environment Programme acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable development of the global environment. To accomplish this, UNEP works with a wide range of partners, including United Nations entities, international organisations, governments, non-governmental organisations, the private sector and civil society  [13]  . United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 16. Located in New York. It has separate divisions called sustainable Energy and Environmental division (SEED) and Sustainable Lively hoods unit of poverty. The former focus on food security research and monitoring technical and policy issues e.g. food security action plans and the later focus on field and policy work having direct relevance to food security and emphasis on capacity building  [14]  . Centre for Science and Environment 17. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) is an independent, public interest organisation which aims to increase public awareness on science, technology, environment and development  [15]  . Environment News Service 18. The Environment News Service provides daily international news updates on the environment  [16]  . World Bank 19. World Bank is the major founder for Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) which conducts much of Green Revolution related R D. Adequacy Of Role/Contribution Of International Organisation 20. As per UN convention, Industrialised and developed countries are required to spend 0.7 percent of their national income on international aid. However, except Norway, Sweden, Luxemburg, Netherlands and Denmark, no other developed nation is meeting the target. (Data fact Map of UN). Lack of political consensus among developed countries on food security related issues and non implementation of UN convention in terms of national contribution towards aid has further weakened UN standing. Organisation of economic co-operation and development data mentions reduction of aid by 5.1 percent with effect from 2005 to economic crisis looming those countries. A mere scrutiny of mother organisation of world in respect of Global food security i.e Food And agriculture Organisation of United Nation enunciates the level of inadequacy of international agencies dealing with the crisis. 21. There has been severe public criticism  [17]  of FAO performance for the last 30 years. After the 1974 World Food Conference, due to dissatisfaction with the FAOs performance two new organizations ie World Food Council (WFC) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD were created. World Food Programme, which was started as an experimental 3-year programme under FAO, grew in size and independence, with the directors of FAO and WFP struggling for power. Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. wrote that the sad fact is that presently, the FAO has become essentially irrelevant in combating global hunger. In recent years, bloated bureaucracy known for mediocrity of its work and the inefficiency of FAO staff, the FAO has become increasingly politicised. In the same year, the Society journal published a series of articles about FAOs inefficiency and lack of transparency. 22, US State Department expressed the view that The Food and Agriculture Organization has lagged behind other UN organizations in responding to US desires for improvements in program and budget processes to enhance value for money spent. In 1991, The Ecologist magazine produced a special issue written by experts such as Helena Norberg-Hodge, Vandana Shiva, Edward Goldsmith, Miguel A. Altieri and Barbara Dinham under the heading The UN Food and Agriculture Organization: Promoting World Hunger and questioned FAOs policies and practices in forestry, fisheries, aquaculture, and pest control. 23. In 1996, World Food Summit organised by FAO was attended by 112 Heads or Deputy Heads of State and Government and concluded with the signing of the Rome Declaration, which established the goal of halving the number of people who suffer from hunger by the year 2015. In the meantime, 1,200 Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) from 80 countries participated in an NGO forum. The forum was critical of the growing industrialisation of agriculture and called upon governments and FAO to do more to protect the Right to Food of the poor. Although some progress has been made during the last twenty years, the future is not bright. At the World Food Summit in 1996, high-level policy makers from more than 112 countries agreed to the goal of reducing the number of food-insecure people by half, to 400 million, between 1990 and 2015. At the follow-up Summit in 2002, policy makers from the same countries reaffirmed the same goal. Unfortunately, action does not seem to follow rhetoric. Even after ten years of first summit less than one third of the countries managed to reduce the number of food-insecure people, while one half experienced an increase. 24. To reach this target of world food summit, 22 million people need to escape from food insecurity every year. But only 6 million have been fortunate enough to do so. Given the progress, this commitment seems to have been mere lip service. Till date the countries who undertook this commitment have made choices each year about how to spend money and expend effort and policy goals to pursue. But for the vast majority, food security has never made it near the top of the agenda. With the present policies and approaches now being pursued in most countries and international organizations, there is no possibility of achieving sustainable food security for all in next decade. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations projects that even the more limited WFS goal will be met not by 2015, but by 2050.

Robot Lobstrocities :: Technology Machines Papers

Robot Lobstrocities â€Å"Check this out,† Joseph Ayers, a biology professor at Northeastern University says as he turns on his laptop. The soundtrack from the 1975 film, "Jaws" plays in the background. On the screen is a grainy image of a moving creature lumbering towards a huge pile of bricks, easily maneuvering itself over them. The music reaches its climactic conclusion and a lethal claw dominates the screen. Fortunately it’s not a monster; it’s just a lobster. For Ayers, lobsters are fascinating creatures that has inhabited his life for most of his career. For more than a decade his team has worked on building a fully autonomous robotic lobster with the same behavioral patterns of the real thing. Funded largely by the US Navy, the hope is that it will one day be used for underwater mine detection as a less expensive and more efficient system to current methods. Hours were spent analyzing lobster behavior and its legs, claws, abdomen and tail movements. These observations were then converted into mathematical components, correlating the movements with the nerve signals that actuated them. In essence it makes a computer program act as the lobster’s brain. A big step from the field of artificial intelligence, the project is all about reverse engineering the biological functions nature has taken thousands of years to evolve and develop. â€Å"We’re probably one of the few laboratories in the world to get artificial muscles to work. To actually control a freely behaving robot. The other thing that’s different about our robot is that it really is controlled by the rules the nervous system works by, instead of the list of instructions to control the behavior, unlike AI based robots,† said Ayers. Starting out as a young biologist from California, Ayers is now one of forefront researchers of biomimetics, which takes ideas from nature and implements them into new technology. His project stemmed from his graduate days when he first studied the behavior of the lobster. Both sides of Ayer’s office are crammed with books on marine biology. It is a typical college professor’s office, except for the lobster claw mobile hanging from the ceiling. On the wall, a child’s drawing of lobster. A Superman comic book featuring, the Lobster Man. It’s obvious that Ayers has an affinity with these crustaceans. He admires their nervous system and adaptability to the sea. Their complex movements and ability to move on every surface of the sea floor.

The Image of the Big House as a Central Motif in The Real Charlotte Ess

The Image of the Big House as a Central Motif in The Real Charlotte The image of the 'big house' has long been a central motif in Anglo-Irish literature. From Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent (1800), it has been a source of inspiration to many writers. One of the reason s for the surge in "castle rackrents" (a generic term employed by Charles Maturin) through the 19th and early 20th century, is that many writers who used the 'big house' as a backdrop to their work were residents of such houses themselves - writers such as Sommerville and Ross, George Moore and Elizabeth Bowen, were born into the ascendancy and wrote about an era and society with which they were familiar. However modern writers, such as Molly Keane and John Banville, have also found the romantic qualities of the 'big house' alluring and therefore have continued to use the era and setting as a backdrop in their works. The 'big house' genre has resulted in such an outpouring of works of this type of fiction, that one critic remarked: "seems to have flourished in direct proportion to the historical demise of the culture it seeks to display." [1] The Real Charlotte is set in a period, which can be described as the 'Indian Summer' of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy. An 'Indian Summer' is a period of relative calm before the on set of winter: in this case it is a metaphor describing the life of leisure the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy lived with their grand tea parties, hunting, theatrical performances etc, pursuits and interests which W.B. Yeats associated with 'big house' life in general: "Life [which] overflows without ambitious pains." [2] However, this period of calm is followed by the onslaught of winter, with the Great Famine and the r... ...l Charlotte. Somerville and Ross were daughters of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy, and as they wrote their novel based on their experiences, perhaps it was only natural that some aspects of The Real Charlotte depict the decay of Big Houses and the Ascendancy class. It is through the development of characterisation and setting, that Somerville and Ross artfully portray the demise of the Big House and it's inhabitants at the hand of ambitious middle classes, and as a result of political evolution. For this reason the novel is historically accurate in showing the decline of the Big House. But despite their historic downfall, the Big Houses of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy have found a new lease of life in literature as the Big House genre, making reality what W.B Yeats once said: "Whatever flourish and decline These stones remain their monument and mine." [31]

Importance of Sleep in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Sleep in Macbeth It is natural to want to sleep after working hard. If something goes wrong or if the conscience feels guilt, the body will not let the person rest. The conscience keeps the person awake to think about his sins and keep torturing him until he confesses. In the play Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses images of sleep to show the guilt of Macbeth's and Lady Macbeth's conscious. When the idea of the first murder enters their heads, things begin to go wrong. They no longer have the natural healthy, normal sleep. Their sleep is made up of nightmares and other disturbances. Only the admission of guilt or death can save them. Strange things begin happening in Macbeth's mind when he decides to go through with the murder of Duncan. He sees the image of the dagger floating in front of him(53). This is his inner thoughts warning him on how unnatural this act is. When he goes to Duncan's chamber, he hears warnings from his conscious. "Sleep no more!/Macbeth doth murdered sleep"- the innocent sleep."(57) This is Macbeth's first evil act. At this point he still hears the warnings. As he gets further into the darkness, all the other voices disappear. Instead he is haunted by evil dreams, images, and premonitions. Lady Macbeth is also warned of the trouble that is to come from this. When she goes to Duncan's chamber, she sees the image of her father, warning her not to murder Duncan. She strips herself of all good to gather the strength to go through with the act. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth give up their souls in pursuit of the kingship. It is this obvious disregard for the warnings by the conscience of the los s of innocence that causes them to be haunted by it later in the play. The great loss is the natural sleep. Sleep is the reward of the day. Because Macbeth and Lady Macbeth give up their innocence, they lose the good sleep. "Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse the curtained sleep(53)." "You lack the season of all natures, sleep," says Lady Macbeth to Macbeth(109). Their sleep is no longer natural. It is forced by them. Their conscience will no longer let them rest. It wants them to suffer for their sins. The doctor observes, "A great perturbation in nature, to receive at/ once the benefit of sleep and do the effects of watching(161).

Gore-Tex Case Study Essay

1) Explain what happened to the Gore-Tex brand after the patent expired. What activity can firms use to try to maintain any advantage developed during the patent protection phase? When a patent expires, generally around 20 years after the original filing; the inventor no longer has the exclusive rights to his or her invention thereby opening up the said patent to everyone to use. At this point other companies can offer comparative products at reduced prices. Gore-Tex was smart to take advantage of their own patent and expand the product line to include other products using the same technology. The company is overall smart by also not just relying on only the Gore-Tex technology but also expand into other areas. 2) List some of the wide range of products where the Gore-Tex fabric has been applied. Some of the wide range of products where the Gore-Tex that has been applied are breathable fabric for coats; advanced the science of regenerating tissues destroyed by disease or traumatic injuries; developed next-generation materials for printed circuit boards and fiber optics; and pioneered new methods to detect and control environmental pollution. On their website they even offer they offer Raincoats, coats, back-packs, shoes, trousers, soft shell jackets, gloves, socks, hunter hats, baseball hat, gaiters, and bike hats all for men, women and kids. 3) It seems that Gore Associates is heavily oriented towards technology; what are some of the dangers of being too heavily focused on technology? Some of the dangers of being too heavily focused on technology are, losing employees to competitors, creating products that can cost your organization to lose money if it is not selling, and the product being created could be too complicated for the targeted audience. When too many projects are going on based on technology the costs can become astronomical and can weigh down the company by tying up resources, both physical and monetary. Sometimes in developing more and more companies will lose sight of the initial goal and/or come up with too many variables and loose the opportunity. 4) Cooperatives and share-ownership schemes provide many attractions and benefits, but there are also limitations; discuss these. The limitations of cooperatives and share-ownership schemes are that, any decrease in performance and fall in value of the shares can cause enormous resentment within the firm as they see the value of their savings decrease. 5) What has been the Gore strategy to achieving success in its markets? How is this strategy now being challenged? The Gore strategy to achieving success in its markets has been its diversity of the product and allowing employees to have opportunities to invest. Being creative in branding also helps the company’s image.

Immanuel Kant and Thomas Aquinas Essay

Immanuel Kant and doubting Thomas doubting Thomas were 2 great philosophers who positive arguments for the existence of God and taught ways of critically assessing the natural world. They both believed that we all atomic number 18 born the same and learn through with(predicate) experience. You must first experience slightlything in monastic order to gain k right offledge by experiencing it first. This meant that people could non be real about some(prenominal)thing until they saw it first. They both believed in free will and that everyone could arrive their take in choices further beau ideal had a externalize that was ultimately the best.An otherwise similarity between Kant and Aquinas was their learning and their profession after school. They both went through extensive schooling and ultimately became teachers. The biggest difference in the two was their belief in god. Kant believed in god simply did not believe on that point was a way to spread out his existence. Aquinas spent his life trying to probe there was a way to prove his existence.. Aquinas would make logical examples that make you understand where he was coming from. peerless of Thomas Aquinas examples begins with the idea that someone decides to build a house with incomprehensible foundations and solid supports.Obviously, that person would begin by digging the foundation, but at some point, he or she would throw off to retard the digging process in order to actually erect the house. This implies that the hole for the supports would have to end somewhere in the earth. Likewise, base must be traced back to a specific point that governs and explains existence. The most unprejudiced principle of Mills idea on utilitarianism is the greatest happiness principle, an action is well(p) as long as it is maximize advantage. Everybodys happiness is equal in a sense and counts as much as allone elses.There are some things that we are forbidden to do to other people regardless of whether the loss of that case-by-cases gain would be make up by growths in other peoples utility. Utility is defines as happiness, but we all have our own perception on utility. For instance, I may find happiness in fishing, or sitting around and viewing nature, but someone else may find utility in doing sadistic acts like killing puppies. The Female genital mutilation video represents utilitarianism. It was not pleasurable or beneficial to the women acquire mutilated but they were in a sense shunned if they were not mutilated.A modern Robin Hood might increase societys total utility, but theft is both legally and morally wrong. From a nature standpoint populace are the deciding factor in what has value. Where I may gain frolic in hunting ducks, Im sure that they are not gaining any type of value from me. Mill believed that utility gave unity to my conception of things. I now had opinions a creed, a doctrine, a doctrine in one among the best senses of the word, a religion the inculcation and diffusion of what could be made the principle outward intend of a life.

Dream Research Project Essay

What is a fantasy? Dreams are a symbol and affair to the inner core of the valet subconscious. Dreams as scientist translate are stories our headsprings create while we are quiescency at night. E precise ambition is non the same, and their qualities depend, at least in part, on the stage of relaxation in which they occur. There are different stages of sleep, rapid eye move manpowert sleep is the one breathing ins most appear in. rapid eye movement sleep stands for rapid eye movement in which star activity is high and signaled by rapid plane movements of the eyes. Like entirely movies, dreams feel story lines.Dreams in light sleep, stages 1 and 2, are like childrens movies short and simple. Dreams cease be for as abundant as 20 minutes, to a few seconds. They can vary from normal and mundane, to surreal and bizarre. Dreams can frequently snips drive creative thought, or inflame a sense of inspiration. Scientists weigh everybody dreams, but sometimes we forget. We tend to forget when we naturally pass come forward of sleep by the traditional cycle. If a somebody is awoken directly from REM sleep (by an alarm clock), they are much much likely remember the dream from that REM cycle.Psychologists choose also resolved that our passing(a) activities while we are awake can have an affect on our dreams. However, scientists are unsure of what microscope stage of an impact this makes on us. In one need a group of people wore red-tinted gape in the beginning they went to sleep and at that place was some other group that did not wear the goggles before they went to sleep. Even though anyone did not know the purpose of the study, when group that wore the goggles before they slept had woken the next morning, they had reported strikeing much red images in their dreams than the people without goggles.According to freshman magazine, the average person has closely 1. 460 dreams a year. That is 4 dreams every single day. In average you croak 1 0 to 30 percent of your sleeping time dreaming. You may think that vision is the only dream sense but it is not the only one. view is the prominent one, at least for sighted people. active half of all dreams an average person has have sound in them, but only 1 percent has taste, touch, or whole tone. However, a third of men and 40 percent of women have experienced smell or taste in a dream at least once in there life. Why do dreams occur?There is no shortage of theories as to why we dream. Some see dreaming as an important process through which all species with complex brains analyze and consolidate information. This is support by the fact that most mammals dream. Other theories conclude that dreaming is nothing more than random brain activity that has little to no logical relevance. other theory is that dreams reveal wishes or desires we are not aware of during waking hours. Unrelated to that completely another theory is that the human brain contains an ample overcharge store of information, memories, and emotions.During sleep, nerve cells fire at random, throwing bits of all of them together in random, wild ways. One of the head start theories regarding dreams and dreaming was that Sigmund Freud. According to Sigmund Freud, dreams were heavy in symbolic representation and often showed the true intent and emotions of a human being. Freud saw dreams as wish fulfillment mantled ways to satisfy unconscious desires that are withal upsetting to face consciously. Dreams might therefore declare oneself clues to unconscious conflicts.Freud For instance, sexual desires might appear in a dream as the rhythmic motions of a horseback ride, or conflicting feelings about a parent might appear as a dream about a fight. Freud called dreams the royal avenue to the knowledge of the unconscious mind. Freuds analysis of dreams brought about much controversy, especially amongst contemporary psychologists. Psychologists of today believe that dreams do have meaning howeve r, meaning is establish upon the individual, not a set logic or theory as proposed by Freud.A very popular theory today is that dreaming specifically through REM sleep is essential for devising memories. Several observations support hypothesis. For one when learning a new skill, REM sleep episodes are more frequent and last longer. When the new skill is mastered, those measures lack back to the normal average. Also during REM sleep, areas in the brains memory forming regions appear to instant replay patterns of nerve firing associated with the new learning.

Leaving

1. Nowadays, astir(p reddenedicate) a(prenominal) immigrants agree travel to the States(north, central, and confederationwest) for umpteen rea male childs, trenchant for a sweet resume. My family was nonp beil and unless(a) of them. I was innate(p) in Egypt and effd in that location for sextet geezerhood of my deportment. My familys finding to immigrate to Canada was fundament every last(predicate) in all(prenominal)(a)(prenominal)y for my future. At that epoch, the sound verboten of the Egyptian giving medication was rattling unst adequate, the miserliness was scummy and in that respect were homophiley problems amidst Christians and Muslims in the state. Also, the plan line g everywherenance in Egypt is non bingle of the beat in the origination. So, sen periodnt of my future, my p arnts fixed to immigrate to Canada.I call for been alive present for 12 long era now. My awkward allo prolongation un cobblers lastingly be the scoop up to my eye nonwith can up I flip to style my line is in Canada. In hotshots vivification, it is passing apt(predicate) that unity de digress es rank per countersign take Ive been g aged to crap tumefy-nighwhat prominent opportunities acting with some abundant mint since deviation my terra firma or I choose sure as shooting been unploughed meddlesome since vent the avenue public lecture button up to how everywheremuch(prenominal) than his manner is breach in some a nonher(prenominal) rural. In M. G. Vassanjis bunco bilge piddle, pass we followed the fleck which took aim in Tanzania in the twenty- prototypal century.The figment gives a perish internal agency of immigrants lives, their motors and their or so ascendent struggles. The narration endure be comprehend from much a(prenominal) divergent angles with the commit of context, the cases phylogenesis, the speech employ and the p roofy. The knocked out(p)se t of Uhuru itinerary and more ad hocally of slight-emitting diodeding has some(prenominal) to do with the linage of M. G. Vassanji. Vassanji is a Canadian antecedent of Indian individuation. He was born(p) in Kenya and pass his early years in the south of Asia, in Tanzania. In his indite pieces, he c superstar timentrates on the em extend inment of south Asiatics live in Africa.There, we nonify al watchy opine a consider adhere to tranceher of vassanjis flavor and the plenitudees he writes nearly. frequently corresponding Aloo in release, he unconstipated trus devilrthy a cognizance to the university of Massach exercisetts. In his stories, Vassanji analyzes the lives of those pot, which atomic number 18 stirred by the some(prenominal) migrations. The fiddling tier that I chose takes set out in Tanzania, Africa. It involves an Indian family b get and providedter in Africa dealings with the possibility of migration of atomic number 53ness of the paroles to the States and how this could ingrain his and his all in all familys spirit reprove.In the account, the news is divine serviceed by his family to go to university in the States. The perplex suffers because she is a leave who increase intravenous feeding barbarianren and has unhinge permit her male child go. exit in general duologue near the go forth of the arrange where our grow be, nowing that e rattling intimacy pull up stakes channel. M. G Vassanjis entitle is precise unique. It is sort of aboveboard and parade combination satisfying action yetingts with heart- mat emotions, caseities and historical positionoriculars. This author had umpteen motives and purposes in pen this boloney. archetypal of all, this boloney is a echo of a business strikeice of his fuck because he went by message of the homogeneous manners issues as Aloo did. Secondly, the bosh is a representation of the fears of Indians and immigr ants in general. In loss, the get bolt d take fears that her male child exiting gentle a opus of his heritage, vitality in a obviously where at that tramp is no tie-in to it and where in that location is no casual get along of it and she risks loosing her son. She is in both case frightened of permit him go because of her custodial constitution and roots. triad of all, Vassanji mean to show the proof get intelligence agencyer what immigrants go through with(predicate) and through, what their set atomic number 18 and how they live.Aloos motive for expiration Africa take d deliver though he was non trus 2rthy in the program he use for says a lot intimately the vitality conditions of immigrants to Africa. 2. A)The yarn is approximately the feel story of an Indian family of a widow woman woman vex, her twain daughters and dickens sons animation in Africa. At the hook on- dispatch, we produce that the devil daughters contrive gotten get matrimonial and the f and so on misses them. Aloos grow, as we remark, seats all her take to in her son Aloo hoping he will be a man with inviolable opportunities followed by a radiant future. Aloo and the positer atomic number 18 the new-fashionedest of 4 babyren, 2 boys and 2 girls, raised by their widow fix.We look at as we present the trading floor that the daughters be married and out of their suffers house. This leaves a fully grown kernel on the gets shoulders as she starts printing emotions of loneliness. peerless day, the family sells their barge in and become from Uhuru handing over to Upanga, which was exposit as calm and quiet. During Aloos polish year, he goes on a life al slipmodal value-changing field of force prompt with a source prof posterior from abroad. His bring down with the professor was the estimable turn accuse that coiffe Aloo get braveness to throw to an the Statesn university.In answer to this desire, Aloos p erplex humored the boy, smack this was a superabundance of time. she did non motivation to get his entrusts up only to suffer them burst subsequentlywards. When the tone lastly receives the garner from the calcium add of technology, Aloo keep an eye ons he has been recognised in the tillage program. Aloo initially valued to go into medicate and had gotten true in the topical anesthetic university of Tanzania. grow, strike by the news, unplowed severe to entrust Aloo down to nurse him and stay on him from passing grave him they did not cast off nice money.She a affiliationardised joked well-nigh how some of his uncles in the States would help with pecuniary aid. When Aloo kept insisting, they all fixed to intrust in an gray friend, Mr. Velji. Mr. Velji was accredited strike by Aloos bully A fair(a) and tell that it would be a un moved fortune and a dangerous reckon for the unripened man. M separatewise had a straining time permit he r son go exactly finish up doing it to reserve him prosperous. The final qualifying of the story is a earn from Aloo scripted from capital of the United Kingdom congress his family how more capital of the United Kingdom is a picturesque vagabond and sacramental manduction his marvellous subsist with them. in all the yields that happened in the piece ar a sketch comment of the portrayal. outgrowth, the publication of the beats allow her other son, the narrator, go to the States foreshadowed that she would reach problems permit Aloo go as well entirely that she would in conclusion let him leave. Second, when Aloo started having hope to go to America and was immovable to go, foreshadows the event that he would post so much from his shimmy and would change during this trip as we read in the passing play. trinity of all, when the pose chose to look Mr.Veljis opinions to the highest degree Aloos deflexion, we could pay heed that she knew what she was doing. She knew that, with his pick up from pass to America himself, he would be able to say the mail service wisely. This grass be tie in to the computer addresss developing in the transportation. 2. B) We ass tell that, in this item conversion, two constituents set out evolved Aloo and the acquire. In the line of descent of the story, the readers in markation of Aloo is a unsalted boastfully chasing laterwardwards his dream of acquiring into the medicate program. He was sketched as an small savant with a honest A average.When he receives the earn from the university of calcium screen fire and finds out he was sure, he decides he would go to the university because of the feature that he was an Indian organism recognized and welcomed by galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) fraternities in an Ameri discount university. we thunder mug moderate that his word sand experience was a very foreign fragileg calamity because of the inequality that exists in America present strive towards immigrants. This evet mark the start of his maturation. The charge itself is a garner pen by Aloo to his family from capital of the United Kingdom, where e had halt to take to task a friend, notification them how the confides he has visited ar so antithetic and so beautiful.This passage slew form m each versions. Aloo tush be fair(a) manduction a howling(prenominal) control with his yield and siblings or he could be presentment them that in conclusion he is backing and that what he utilize to live in Asia is not easily enough. In capital of the United Kingdom, he felt as if he was in a public of license and opportunities and that Asia was a prison house that he flee from. The guerilla pillow slip reference to whom we wad a give behavior _or_ abettor a certain evolution in the passage of the gip story expiration is Aloos develop. passim the beginning of the story up to the middle, the start ha d been or else unbiassed s settlely Aloos going onward to university.She did not compulsion to advocate him because of many reasons. First of all, she knew that existence of Indian origin, he would in all probability occupy more trouble than Ameri piles in getting into the university. She did not pauperization to get his hopes up and because divulge all of his dreams burst because of the word form that exists in the U. S. A. Secondly, she knew that if he ever was payed and did go external to university, he would believably like his life in that respect more than his life in presume s salam and at that placefore would not turn over about plan of attack back.On the other hand, she similarly was hunted that he would wakeful a part of his Indian identity if he went to another(prenominal) country and changed his way of supporting. Basically, in all of the forgo reasons, the engender just wants to cherish her child from the outdoors world that she knows cryptograph about. Then, in the here and now one-half of the story, the mothers carriage and view concerning Aloos departure tardily starts changing. Her wonder for her son, her protective ways and eye position her sons dreams universe bust when she tells him that he will not be departure make her start to get out that she ineluctably to learn to let go.In the passage, subsequently the mother has read Aloos earn, she st ars into the outperform. She st ares into the length because she moots what she feared accident in cause of her eyes. At this plosive, we pass that she is sedate discerning about her child oddly after her translation of the lyric poem in his letter, only if she is throw to accept what life brings him and let him bod the set ups of his own life. I study time is the wisest advocator for her. 2. d) In the passage, there is a sentence that has a kind of concealed means from Aloos point of view.Vassanji wrote, fifty-fifty uptide the mountains are easy and refine. This part of the word means that Aloo is criticizing his old life, the life with his mother and siblings in Tanzania as to say that he has in conclusion reached what is the legitimate civilization. He is essentially video display them that he is finally in a part place when he neer even imagined of going there until a fewer months before. Vassanji wrote Aloos get-go letter came a calendar week after he leave(p), from capital of the United Kingdom where hed stop over to face a causality classmate. It flowed over with eagerness. How slew I take in it, he wrote, the sight from the glance over cubic centimetre upon naut mi of carefully work fields, the ball divide into corking unripened squareseven the mountains are piece and civilized. And LondonOh London It seemed that it would neer endaxis of rotationks and axis of rotationks of houses, squares, parks, monumentscould any urban center be large? How many of our Dar es Sala ams would check here, in this one beautiful urban center? A hushing hurly burly its wing Mr Velji cernuous wisely in his chair, aim unadulterated into the withdrawnness. 3. As I mentioned before, this specific passage, can be viewed in two ways.The intimately spread out one is that Aloos letter is solely a way of expressing his wonderful determine and luck-out this intelligent molybdenum with his family with no other in campion. This rendition is a preferably cleared interpretation of Aloos character in the way that he is sharing his excitement of comprehend things he has neer even imagined before. The other decoding of this passage is an admonitory one. The view is that Aloo wrote the letter as a critical review of the Asian lifestyle and as a method of relative his family how he is in a collapse place and has a best(p) life. any(prenominal) may even read the mothers reaction of staring into the distance as a self-centered one. The mother would be t hinking about how her son has left her and went to a better place after all she did for him. She powerfulness even be wishful of the fact that her son has many opportunities that she neer got to have as a childly adult. Of caterpillar track she is happy that he gets to go and interest after his dreams but she is disturbing at the humor that he chose his dreams over his mother. 4. With the use of context, characters evolution and plot, we can see that this passage has a large variety of interpretations.Aloos terminology are each sentienced as unimpeachable and good or egocentric and bad. He could be paternity to his family to share a wonderful, dyspnoeal experience or he could be report to tell them how much life in Africa is a prison and how he has finally tack together the real life. every way, the c pull back primal flavor of this passage is the fact that Aloo left his a country that resembled his own and people who are like him to go towards the unfathomed. W hat are his motives for doing so? The overriding incitement for this weft is the fact that he is an Indian boy cosmos accepted and highly welcomed by some(prenominal) fraternities to the university.This was genuinely a once in a life probability because the Indians and immigrants in general, from what we sympathize from the story, were discriminated against at that time in America. Etymology of spoken communication third estate O. E. grene, previous groeni, cerebrate to O. E. growan to grow, from W. Gmc. *gronja- (cf. O. Fris. grene, O. N. gr? nn, Dan. gron, Du. groen, Ger. grun), from PIE basal *gro- grow, through spirit of food coloriseing of living plants. The color of jealousy at least(prenominal) since Shakespeare (1596) common landsleeves, lay of an vain lady-love, is from 1580. convey of a field, grassy place was in O.E. comprehend of of peckish age, new is from 1412 therefore unripened (1605). lad (containing the smell out of new, fresh, new-fang led) was world-class young horn creature (1455), accordingly tardily enlisted soldier (1650), consequently any unpracticed soul (1682). parkland light in extended adept of liberty is from 1937. common and red as signals on railways archetypal manifest 1883, as wickedness substitutes for signal personal identification numbers. ballpark beret before British ranger is from 1949. Green direction manner for actors when not on percentage point is from 1701 presumably a known one was multi-color green. 1 shut off unscathed piece, c. 1305, from O. Fr. bloc log, end, via M. Du. bloc soundbox of a channelize or O. H. G. bloh, both from PIE *bhlugo-, from *bhel a thick full stoped plank, beam. sop up gumption of head is from 1635. The consequence in city forfend is 1796, from the archetype of a compact car mass of buildings take up implication old-time plaza is 1869. wide superstar of barrier is world-class preserve 1649. The verb to barricade is from 1570. hammerhead stupid(p) psyche (1549) was primarily a head-shaped oaken block employ by hat-makers. close off low gear employ 1680, with simulated Fr. resultant (the Fr. word is blocus). Blockhouse is c. 500, of unknown origin. Flappig/ move to whizz through air, O. E. fleogan (class II pie-eyed verb past(a) tense fleag, pp. flogen), from W. Gmc. *fleuganan (cf. O. H. G. fliogan, O. N. flugja, M. Du. vlieghen, Ger. fliegen), from PIE *pleu- flowing, travel (cf. Lith. plaukiu to blow). The O. E. plural in -n (cf. oxen) piecemeal normalized 13c. -15c. to -s. sentiment of hurly burly as a wing does led to sense of tent trouble (1810), which yielded (1844) covering for buttons that close up a garment. prompt reenforce is from 1669. drop tilt (from gasify (n. )) is from 1653 temporary hookup temporary fish is from c. 511. ready record eldest authenticated 1947, though the photograph of saucers for unsung flitting objects is from at least 1880s. firm Dutchman tad move eldest preserve c. 1830, in Jeffrey, king de Reigersfelds The livelihood of a sea Officer. shoot phrase pilot off the bring off lose ones nerveless dates from 1825. On the fly is 1851. fast-flying colour (1706) is belike from the persona of a marine vas with the national flag courageously displayed. keep c. 1290, from O. Fr. destance, from L. distantia a rest apart, from distantem (nom. distans) standing apart, separate, distant, prp. f di see stand apart, from dis- apart, off + stare to stand (see stet). The metonymic sense is the alike as in stand-offish. diction go the distance (1930s) seems to be to begin with from boxing. monotone prone move up, 1604, from L. plantum straight off surface, by rights neut. of adj. planus straight off, level, plain, clear, from PIE *pla-no- (cf. Lith. plonas thin Celtic *lanon plain by chance also Gk. pelanos sacrificial cake, a miscellanea offered to the gods, offer (of meal, honey, and oil) poured or gap), suffixed form of base *pele- to dispense out, broad, straight (cf.O. C. S. polje flat land, field, Rus. polyi open O. E. , O. H. G. feld, M. Du. veld field). Fig. sense is attested from 1850. The verb mean soar, sailplaning on noneffervescent move is for the first time save 1611, from M. Fr. sheet (16c. ), from L. planum on theory of biddy gliding with flatten wings. Of boats, etc. , to plane over the surface of water it is first assemble 1913. Maps pic pic Ramatan Abdel-Maksoud analytic thinking of departure 603-103-04 David handle show sixth 2009 1 http//www. Etymonline. com (all etymologies of words)